Cardamom cultivation in kerala pdf

Both genera are native to the indian subcontinent and indonesia. Problems of cardamom cultivation in idukki district, kerala. This is to certify that the thesis entitled an analytical study of organic cardamom growers in idukki district of kerala submitted to the faculty of the postgraduate school, indian agricultural research institute, new delhi, in partial fulfillment of the. A study on farmers perception towards ipm in cultivation of small cardamom in idukki district of kerala ashutosh gautam division of crop improvement, indian cardamom research institute, idukki. Upto the year 1896 cardamom was the monopoly of the state. Cardamom elettaria cardamomum is a perennial tropical plant that needs very specific conditions in order to grow. India exports 58% of its total production, mostly the premium grade. Pesticide residues in soils under cardamom cultivation in kerala, india article pdf available in pesticide research journal 261. Large cardamom is mainly grown in the subhimalayan hills of sikkim and darjeeling. It is cultivated in about 1, 00,000 ha mainly confined to the southern states viz.

A perennial and herbaceous plant, cardamom comes in three varieties. Cardamom is used for flavouring various preparations of food, confectionery, beverages and liquors. The soils of these tracts are generally acidic in nature, 2the following discussion on cardamom cultivation is. Cardamom production employs plants of the genera elettaria and amomum in the ginger family zingiberaceae. Economics of cardamom cultivation in kerala agecon search. Heirloom seeds are the gardeners choice for seedsaving from yeartoyear. Climatic requirements large cardamom is a seophyte, i.

Nov 10, 2016 amid the controversies, allegations and counterallegations, the cardamom hills of kerala are in turmoil even as cardamom farmers wait in vain for some rain. Its dried fruit referred to as the queen of spices, is one of the most exotic and highly prized spices in the world. Ideal temperature range for this crop is 10 to 35c. The cardamom hill was an administrative area under two revenue officers tahasildar created by the royal proclamation of kingdom of travancore in april 1822 to promote cardamom cultivation and to give facilities and protection to cardamom farmers. A lowgrowing, leafy tropical plant, which grows on the jungle floor in the wild. Nutrient management in small cardamom elettaria cardamomum. How to grow cardamom growing cardamom elaichi balcony. In 198586, the area under ginger crop was 16000 ha. Jul 31, 2015 kerala boasts of the biggest cardamom market in the world which is in kumily, near munnar. The seeds have a pleasant aroma and a characteristic warm, slightly pungent taste.

Mar 31, 2015 cardamom plants are naturally seen in the western ghats hilly tracts. Botanical name of large cardamom is amomium subulatum. Among these, the most controversial one is the computation of cost of cultivation, especially for perennial. Highlights we investigated the effects of cardamom cultivation on high conservation value montane rain forests in central sri lanka. Cardamom is a queen of spices and popularly known as elachi or elaichi in india. Various analyses were done in respect of the three cultivating zones and two size groups to evaluate the cost and returns, capital productivity measures and efficiency in resource uses. But the spices trade in kerala is now handicapped by a number of problems. After 20 years, the cultivated area of ginger is only 10,000 ha. Growing cardamom is not that difficult, learn how to grow it in this article. Malayalam krishi website for organic farming krishipadam. Kerala was known as the land of cardamom plantation of the eastern region. Cardamom because of its variety of uses gained a reputation as the queen of spices king, however, is black pepper. Indian cardamom research institute icri was established in 1978 as the research wing of spices board, at myladumpara kerala to undertake basic and applied research on small cardamom.

Impacts of cardamom cultivation on montane forest ecosystems in sri lanka article pdf available in forest ecology and management 274. District wise area and production of cardamom in kerala 200405. Saudi arabia and kuwait are the leading importers of the spice. A south indian woman sorting her cardamom plants in the field. Cardamom cultivation information guide asia farming. It acts as carminative, stomachic, diuretic, an effective cardiac stimulant and is a remedy for throat and respiratory troubles. No particulars i year ii year labour expenses labour expenses 1 clearing site 40 9400 2 marking lines 8 1880 3 making roads foot paths 10 2350 4 940 4 taking drain 71645. Cardamom requires a steady supply of moisture and will not tolerate drought.

It is cultivated in kerala, karnataka and tamil nadu. Large cardamom is an important spice and a powerful flavoring agent. The density of trees, saplings and seedlings were lower in abandoned cardamom plantations than adjacent natural forests. It has been used in ayurveda since time immemorial because of its medicinal properties. Plantations are also attracted by the tourists and it gives earning to the growers. The present report relates to the 37 th round of survey conducted during. To grow cardamom plants, you must provide consistent warm temperatures and humidity. The western ghats and periyar subcluster including the cardamom hills, are. Pesticide residues in soils under cardamom cultivation in. Thomas, director of the indian cardamom research institute icri at myladumpara in kerala, describes josephs contribution to cardamom cultivation in.

Kumily is a plantation town closely associated with the thekkady. Cardamom cultivation in india is concentrated mainly in those regions which form the natural habitat of the species, except for a small area in maharashtra where it is grown as a subsidiary crop in the arecanut gardens. Cardamom farming elaichi, planting, care, harvesting. The production and productivity of cardamom is gradually declining in certain tracts of cardamom cultivation. Cardamom seeds are ground to make a spice for flavoring various dishes.

All these help to produce cardamom which are unique in their size, color, aroma and flavor. Large cardamom is a native to eastern himalayan region. In india, it is cultivated in the states of kerala, karnataka and tami nadu. Commercial farming of cardamom is found in the western ghats as this area is more suitable for its cultivation. In organic cultivation of cardamom, the methods to be followed should conform to the standards laid down for the purpose. The natural habitat of cardamom is the evergreen forests of western. Keeping in view these aspects, the paper attempts to compute the cost of cultivation of cardamom and to analyse the relative profitability and export competitiveness of cardamom cultivation in kerala. In 2012, as per provisional trade estimates, indias production is around 12,000 mt. Following are the major countries that import cardamom and its byproducts from india. Native to india, cardamom is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the ginger family. Cardamom, 8mm cardamom, spices, spices from kerala. Pdf extent of adoption and perceived reasons for organic.

Cardamom cultivation has greater influence in the development of the people, as it provides employmeny oppurtunities. As the name indicates, malabar is a native variety found in kerala. The districts name, idukki is supposed to be derived from the malayalam word idukku which. Amid the controversies, allegations and counterallegations, the cardamom hills of kerala are in turmoil even as cardamom farmers wait in vain for some rain. For raising a new cardamom plantation, the undergrowth of bushes is cleared. The factors required for cultivating high quality cardamom in kerala are warm and damp climate, soil having organic matter, distributed rainfall, unique cultivation and processing methods. Swot analysis also help to identify the strength, weaknesses, oppurtunities and threats of cardamom cultivation in kerala. The district wise area and production of cardamom in kerala is given in table 4 table 4. Too much shade or too much openness of area is not advisable for cardamom cultivation as it affects growth and yield. It is cultivated in about 1,00,000 ha mainly confined to the southern state viz. Copy of areaprodpty trend of important crops in kerala 1. Kerala, karnataka and tamil nadu accounting for 60,31 and 9% of the total area respectively. Malabar, mysore and vazuka are the three varieties of the. It is cultivated in india mainly in sikkim, assam and west bengal.

Cardamom cultivation resulted in a shift in tree species composition with the addition of pioneer species. Cardamom is one of the worlds most expensive spices after saffron and vanilla. How to grow cardamom propagation, planting and harvesting. India produces about 4,200 tons of cured cardamom annually. The cardamom oil is found to be anti microbial in nature and hence used in mouth fresheners and confectioneries.

The leftover cardamom produce is exported every year. Sep 21, 2017 cardamom elettaria cardamomum is a perennial tropical plant that needs very specific conditions in order to grow. They are one of the highest priced and most expensive spices after saffron and vanilla. The cardamom hills or yela mala are mountain range of southern india and part of the southern western ghats located in southeast kerala and southwest tamil nadu in india. Cardamom is among the more popular aromatic herbs used today, with the seeds adding a uniquely sweet quality to many popular commercial beverages and other products. Emergent global marketing challenges for kerala cardamom. Cardamom is grown in areas where the annual rain fall ranges from 15004000 mm, in a temperature range of 1035c and an altitude of 5001200 metres above msl.

Extent of adoption and perceived reasons for organic cardamom production in idukki district of kerala. This spice is native to western ghats of south india. Botanical name of the cardamom is elettaria cardamomum l. Kumily, near munnar, boasts of the largest cardamom market in the world. Its pods are used as spices same like other cardamom. The other indian states that grow cardamom small are karnataka and tamil nadu. Their name comes from the cardamom spice grown in much of the hills cool elevation, which also supports pepper and coffee. More traditionally, this botanical has been enjoyed in its native india for thousands of years in a wide array of dishes, deserts and teas. Currently it is being grown in kerala, karnataka, tamil nadu and parts of sikkim in india. Cardamom spice plantation in munnar, idukki kerala tourism. This forest dwelling plant is a perennial, which grows from large rhizomes. Cardamom, ginger and turmeric belong to the family zingiberaceace. A wide variety of cardamom in kerala options are available to you, such as drying process, processing type, and shape.

The german coffee planter oscar majus kloeffer introduced indian cardamom kerala to cultivation in guatemala before world war i. Government of kerala accorded sanction for conducting annual survey of cost of cultivation of important crops in the state from 198081 onwards vide g. It was because, cardamom, the grain of paradise is indigenous to the ever green forests of western ghats in kerala. India is the second largest producer of small cardamom. India also exports byproducts of cardamom such as cardamom oil and oleoresins to european countries. Thomas, director of the indian cardamom research institute icri at myladumpara in kerala, describes josephs contribution to cardamom cultivation in india as simply great and says that. Pdf pesticide residues in soils under cardamom cultivation. Main field planting cardamom plantation is raised in forests under the shade of tall trees. Cardamom spice can successfully be grown in united states department of agriculture zones 10 and 11. Pdf impacts of cardamom cultivation on montane forest. But since then the world demand for cardamom of a superior quality, which was produced in southern india and kerala, has decreased dramatically.

Cardamom farming elaichi, planting, care, harvesting agri. Cardamom plants are naturally seen in the western ghats hilly tracts. Small cardamom is well grown in areas where annual rainfall of 1,500 mm to 4,000 mm is received. Pdf small cardamom production technology and future prospects. Senior scientist indian agricultural research institute.

Cardamom cultivation is concentrated on the western ghats in the country. This is to certify that the thesis entitled an analytical study of organic cardamom growers in idukki district of kerala submitted to the faculty of the postgraduate school, indian agricultural research institute, new delhi, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in agricultural extension. There are two kinds of cardamoms found in the spice world. The world export market had been monopolized by india for around three thousand years up until this point in time.

A study on farmers perception towards ipm in cultivation of. A study on the economics of cardamom cultivation in idukki district, kerala state was done in the year 198384. Varghese the three important concepts costs, return and profitability need to be analysed while assessing the economics of any production activity. Cardamom crop cultivation guide cardamom cultivation. Small cardamom is a sought after spice in the middle east market. Jun 25, 2015 india is a major producer, consumer and exporter of this spice crop. Following states are the major producers of cardamom in india.

Weighted average auction prices of cardamom small in kerala for the season 200708 to 2014 year average price in rs. Tips on growing cardamom learn about cardamom spice plants. The cardamom hill reserve chr is within the cardamom hills idukki district. The cardamoms are in great demand in the international market and. The cardamom plant is a 5 to 10foot tall tropical plant that thrives in partial shade.

Cardamom elettaria cardamom, zingiberaceae cardamom, popularly known as queen of spices is native to the evergreen rainy forests of western ghats in south india. Cardamom cultivation in india is concentrated mainly in those regions. It has a sweet, burning taste and a very distinctive spicy odor. It is nothing but a dried fruit of a tall perennial exotic tropical herbaceous plant. Black cardamom is known as hilly cardamom or badee ilaayachee, comes from either of two species in the family zingiberaceae. If growing in a greenhouse, it should be kept humid and maintained carefully. Cultivation of cardamom was introduced to guatemala before world war i by oscar majus kloeffer.

Kerala boasts of the biggest cardamom market in the world which is in kumily, near munnar. Cardamom is not tolerant of cold, but should be kept in a location with many hours of partially occluded sunlight. The many uses for cardamom have made it one of the most sought after of the spices. Impacts of cardamom cultivation on montane forest ecosystems. It is found commonly in southern india mainly in kerala, tamilnadu and karnataka, on the shady slopes of the western ghats. Sep 06, 20 a south indian woman sorting her cardamom plants in the field.